May the Force Be With You

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Medical Self Defense and the Black Panther Party An interview with Alondra Nelson

 

Medical Self Defense and the Black Panther Party

--An interview with Alondra Nelson

By Angola 3 News

Alondra Nelson, a professor of sociology and gender studies at Columbia University, is the author of a new book released last month, entitled Body and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight Against Medical Discrimination. By documenting the multifaceted health activism of the Black Panther Party (BPP) and critically assessing the BPP’s strategy and tactics in a respectful and appreciative manner, Body and Soul presents an analysis that is rare and badly needed in US colleges and universities today. In this interview, Nelson discusses how the Panthers’ legacy can both inspire and provide important strategic lessons for today’s new generation of political activists

In her book, Nelson writes that “the Party’s focus on health care was both practical and ideological.” On a practical level, the BPP provided free community health care services, including preventative education. Simultaneously, the BPP railed against the medical-industrial complex, declaring that health care was “a right and not a privilege.” Ronald “Doc” Satchel, the minister of health for the Chicago BPP, wrote in the BPP newspaper that “the medical profession within this capitalist society…is composed generally of people working for their own benefit and advancement rather than the humane aspects of medical care.” A newsletter published by the Southern California chapter argued that “poor people in general and black people in particular are not given the best care available. Our people are treated like animals, experimented on and made to wait long hours in waiting rooms."

By 1970, People’s Free Medical Clinics had become a requirement for every BPP chapter. In 1972, the BPP revised point six of the founding ten-point-platform, adding a demand for “completely free healthcare for all black and oppressed people…We believe that the government must provide, free of charge, for the people, health facilities which will not only treat our illnesses, most of which have come about as a result of our oppression, but which will also develop preventative medical programs to guarantee our future survival. We believe that mass health education and research programs must be developed to give Black and oppressed people access to advanced scientific and medical information, so we may provide ourselves with proper medical attention and care.”

While citing Martin Luther King’s 1966 declaration that “of all forms of inequality, injustice in healthcare is the most shocking and inhumane,” one chapter provides an important historical context for the BPP’s health activism by detailing what Nelson calls “the long medical civil rights movement,” that began long before the BPP. “Mobilized in response to the distinctly hazardous risks posed by segregated medical facilities, professions, societies, and schools; deficient or nonexistent healthcare services; medical maltreatment; and scientific racism, activism challenges to medical discrimination have been an important focal point for African American protest efforts and organizations. The Panthers were heirs to health activism that directly reflected tactics drawn from this tradition,” writes Nelson.

Nelson says the central focus of her scholarly work is on “the intersections of science, technology, medicine and inequality.” She has co-edited Technicolor: Race, Technology, and Everyday Life (2001) and Genetics and the Unsettled Past: The Collision of DNA, Race, and History (scheduled to be released in March, 2012). To learn more, please visit www.alondranelson.com.

Angola 3 News:         In our recent interview with Billy X Jennings from It’s About Time BPP, one theme explored was how, with rare exception, the mainstream media has misrepresented the BPP. However, it seems that the even the radical and anti-capitalist media has generally underreported the health activism that is the focus if your book. How did the BPP’s health activism relate to their better-known stances against white supremacy, capitalism, and police violence?

Alondra Nelson:        Yes, it’s true. The Black Panthers’ health activism has been under-reported across the ideological spectrum. Their critics obviously did not want to cast them in a positive light. And, as your question suggests, even the Party’s supporters said little about this important aspect of the BPP’s work. I think its plausible to say that many on the Right and some of us on the Left--in very different ways and for completely opposite reasons--were captivated by a vision of the Party that did not include its health politics. Depictions of African Americans working in their neighborhoods, wearing white medical coats, was unspectacular compared to images of Black radicals wearing leather jackets and carrying guns.

It is ironic that our collective memory of the Panthers remains so incomplete because their health activism—from their political writing about medical issues in The Black Panthernewspaper, to their practice of DIY healthcare—exemplified the anti-racist, anti-capitalist stance for which they are known. In fact, the reality of health inequality brought the BPP’s political perspective into sharper relief because it offered stark and specific examples of how economic and racial oppression literally damaged bodies, families and communities.

As you know, the BPP was originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, a name that reflected that protecting communities from police brutality was a primary motivation for the group’s founding. The BPP exposed the misuse of power whether it was at the hands of police officers or physicians. So, it’s also useful to think of the Panthers as being engaged in medical self-defense.

In Los Angeles, Party members Ericka Huggins and Elaine Brown, nursing professor Marie Branch, Dr. Terry Kupers, and others established that chapter’s People’s Free Medical Clinic. But, like all of the BPP’s health activism, this work extended beyond the clinic, including in this case, confronting police brutality. (Branch shared meeting notes with me from the 1970s from her personal archive where the formation of BPP health programs and prisoners’ protection from medical discrimination were seamlessly discussed). The LA Panthers advocated for and provided health care for incarcerated persons; some of these men and women needed medical attention because they had been abused while in police custody.

A3N:   How does the story of the BPP’s health activism, as presented in your book, contribute to and challenge the traditional presentations of the BPP by both the mainstream and alternative media?

AN:     Body and Soul offers an account of the BPP that moves away from the narrow confines of the so-called “culture wars,” in which the Party can only ever be a positive force or a negative element. Paying attention to the Party’s health activism calls into question the inaccurate stereotype of the activists as aimless thugs.

We also gain a different perspective on things we thought we already knew about the BPP, like the fact that the Panthers were avid followers of Fanon, Che and Mao, whose writings were required reading for all members. Through the prism of health, one can see very clearly the influence of Fanon’s dissection of colonial medicine in Algeria on the Panthers’ understanding of medical discrimination in the U.S. We can take seriously the fact that Fanon and Che were physicians as well as political thinkers. We can appreciate that Mao, who established the “barefoot doctors” lay health worker program, made available to the Party not only broad revolutionary principles, but also specific ideas about health care as political practice.

A3N:   What do you think were the most successful tactics employed by the BPP as part of its health activism? Strategically speaking, what lessons from the BPP’s health activism do you think are most applicable for today’s activists to learn from?

AN:     In addition to setting up their own clinics, they used legal approaches not dissimilar from the NAACP to voice their opposition to problematic biomedical research. The Party leadership realized early on that “policing the police” would not be the only method they used in their effort to topple racism and capitalism. The Panthers were pretty flexible tacticians.

One of the lessons that the BPP offers today’s activists is that they should be more loyal to the desired outcome than to the tactic. The sit-in came to be associated with the southern civil rights movement just as the mic check is now emblematic of the Occupy movement. But these groups also used other tactics: marching, occupying, sermons, etc. Social movements are dynamic phenomena; circumstances are constantly changing. So too should tactics.

One of the BPP’s more fascinating tactics was what I call, after sociologist Lily Hoffman, the “politics of knowledge.” Working in this vein, the Panthers engaged and reinterpreted scientific ideas about race and disease. They reinterpreted scientific theories about the causes of sickle cell anemia, for example, by placing the prevalence of the disease in the context of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, the medical-industrial complex and contemporary racism.

The Panthers use of this tactic—the politics of knowledge—should remind today’s activists that “framing” matters. It is important to be able to translate political arguments—health-related ones and other ones—into language, into stories really, that resonate with the broader public. The Party could be expert at this.

The Nixon administration and mainstream philanthropies would ultimately coopt the issue of sickle cell anemia. But the BPP played a key role in raising awareness about the disease and in situating it in a powerful political language that could mobilize communities.

A3N:   Along with chapters focusing on the BPP’s free medical clinics and the campaign to educate the Black community about and test for Sickle Cell Anemia, another chapter focuses on the BPP’s involvement with a diverse coalition that successfully organized against the formation of the Center for the Study and Reduction of Violence at UCLA in 1973. You write that BPP felt that the Center’s “biologization of violence” line of research would ultimately “craft a narrative of Black and Latino violent pathology” that would serve to “make already marginalized populations more vulnerable to medicine as a tool of social control,” and “effect the further criminalization of social groups—black males, the incarcerated—and in turn justify calls for increased surveillance and social control.”

While writing that the defeat of the Center was a “notable triumph,” you note further that it “was somewhat of a Pyrrhic victory for Newton and his allies, as blocking resources to the center as an entity would not prevent individual researchers from pursuing other sources of support for their investigations.” With this in mind, how has biologization of violence research progressed since the 1970s? How much influence has it had on public policy?

AN:     Attempts to attribute the causes of violence to biology (and closely related to this, criminality) are a very old story. In the late 19th century, the influential Italian criminologist Lombroso, claimed that new methods (e.g., phrenology) and theories (e.g., social Darwinism) showed that the tendency toward criminal behavior was inherited.

More than one hundred years later, similar ideas persist. In the 1990s, during the first Bush presidency, Louis Sullivan, the Secretary of Health and Human Services set-up a “violence initiative” to explore the biological models of social unrest in urban settings. Your readers may recall that around the same time another Bush official, referencing studies on violence among non-human primates, said that disproportionately black and brown “inner cities” were like “jungles.” (The initiative and controversial commentary around it would recall to the heated debate the Panthers were engaged in over plans to form a “violence center” at UCLA in the 1970s that may have had an especially harmful impact on black and Latino youth and men).

Recently behavioral researchers have aimed to link the presence of what has been called the “warrior gene” to violent, criminal behavior. At a time when we are learning even more about the complexities of genetic inheritance, about the epigenome and the systems biology, it simply does not make sense that one single genetic marker could have such a dramatic, determinative effect.

A3N:   What role has biologization of violence research played in justifying the mass incarceration explosion that began in the 1970s, increasing the prison population from 300,000 to 2.4 million today, giving the US the highest incarceration rate and the largest total prisoner population in the world?

AN:     To the extent that the longstanding efforts that I have just described have kept in circulation the fallacy that there is a definitive link between human biology and violence, theses ideas have indeed served as a justification for the expansion of the carceral system.

This is where the policy implications of the biologization of violence come to the fore: If violence is “in your genes” or “in your blood,” then one can justify policies that lock people away because these people are “lost causes.”

And, in turn, the idea that there is a innate predisposition to violence contributes to the decline of support for rehabilitation and reparative justice programs. 

A3N:   Since the 1970s, has the US come any closer to realizing the BPP’s public health goals?  If BPP co-founder Huey P Newton were alive today, what do you think he would say about President Obama’s “Affordable Care Act?”

AN:     The revised ten-point platform was prescient in capturing one side of the recent debates about widening health inequality in the U.S. and what to do about it. If I had to venture a guess, I would say that Newton and the Party would have appreciated the historic nature of what President Obama accomplished—a feat that many administrations before his had variously tried to accomplish and failed to do. Perhaps Newton would have even observed that the Affordable Care Act is a very small step in the right direction.

However, some journalists and pundits have noted the similarity between President Obama’s historic Affordable Care Act and the national insurance plan that former President Nixon backed unsuccessfully. Given the animus between the Party and Nixon, and the way this administration and its agents worked to destroy the BPP, it is hard to imagine that Newton would have been in strong support of recent healthcare reform legislation. There would have certainly been opposition to the fact that President Obama’s plan is a boon for insurance companies because the Panthers demanded, “healthcare for the people, not for profit.”

--Angola 3 News is an official project of the International Coalition to Free the Angola 3. Our website is www.angola3news.com, where we provide the latest news about the Angola 3. Additionally we are also creating our own media projects, which spotlight the issues central to the story of the Angola 3, like racism, repression, prisons, human rights, solitary confinement as torture, and more. Our articles and videos have been published by Alternet, Truthout, Counterpunch, Monthly Review, Z Magazine, Indymedia, and many others.

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Minor issue with Ubuntu Desktop

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Mobile Learning Best Practices and Lessons Learned with JudyB

• 5.2 billion subscribers
• >625m access internet only through mobile
• 4.2 billion people use text messaging
• People look at their devices every 6.5 minutes on an average
• There are more people with mobile phones than with toothbrushes

1. Begin with the user: What are they already doing with mobile? Several students own cell phones. Smartphones have grewat penetration. People are using these for media creation - video and stills.
   
2. Start with the end in mind: What do you want to accomplish? Are you trying to help increase sales? Will this be performance support? Will this connect communities? Will this help with reference materials? If youre doing something just for fun, its not meaningful. The 5 moments of learning needs are when people want to learn for the first time, when wanting to learn more, when trying to remember, when things change, when something goes wrong. Which moment are you catering to? What nuggets will people take away from other learning experiences that people need immediate access to? This could be the driver for mobile. This is not just elearning on the mobile. Judy recommends mobile for stolen moments of productivity. The US Army believes that perishable knowledge should not be taught in the schoolhouse, but instead be made accessible. Judy also recommends that we think outside the course.
   
3. Plan for Success: What will success look like for you? Many companies cant share what theyre doing, but Judy has a great case study from Merrill Lynchs mobile program - GoLearn. Theyve discovered that going mobile makes things 45% faster. 100% of their audience want more of this kind of stuff and 99% of the audience believe that the format supports learning in a big way. The problem was that they didnt plan for this success and were not able to deal with the deluge of demand that followed.
4. Remember Capabilities: What is not available to people on the desktop or laptop? Its important to design for the form factor and capabilties of the new devices than just porting an old way of designing to the mobile platform. GPS, multi-touch, voice, cameras, video recording - these are all new capabilties and they need to feed into the design decisions. Think about content creation, basic communications, training delivery, social networking, on-demand information access.
   
5. Think Differently: Judy showed us a commercial course on language. The cool aspect of this course is a nifty little twitter button which the user can press and that brings up a twitter stream that shows the word or phrase youre learning about in the context of peoples live tweets! What a cool way of understanding how to construct sentences in a new language? A tweet that Judy is showing us tells a story of how easy it is to deploy to mobile app stores (3 days on Android, 5 days on apples app store) as against 112 days to go to print! Judy is also showing the app for the Obama campaign that we also participated in. How awesome! Theres a hair dressing curriculum on mobile - I personally find that interesting; do I want someone to read a course on mobile and then cut my hair?
6. Think small: Bitesized, nuggets, micro-learning, small screens. Remember mLearning is about different platforms!
   
7. Consider spacing effect: Its now affordable. We know that repetition is key to retention. We know that learning that happens over a period of time is naturally aligned to the way we pick up our skills. She is showing how based upon a womans delivery date, she can send text messages to number and get information over time that makes sense at the time that expecting mothers need this. Information in context, trumps instruction out of context. In Neil Lashers case it can just be a simple phone call. Will Thalheimer has heaps of research in support of the spacing effect.
   
8. Consider tools: What do you need? An app? Or are you going to deploy just for the browser? Or are you going to invest in cross platform development? There are products that act more like platform connecting to your LMS and act as players for your mobile device. This is an example of develop once, deploy many times. Theres a nice mlearning guide at ADL that should work across all devices - this is an example of making a mobile website that just works across several devices. ePub is a great format to publish to mobile devices. Judy is showing a crisis response related project that she built in 3 hours, that works across several devices.
9. Test, test, test: Judy puts a lot of stress on testing, though with the caveat that emulators are the same thing as actual devices.
10. Plan for distribution and ongoing support: Make it known, market it, make it visible. Does your IT helpdesk know how to support this?
11. Looking ahead: Judy recommends that we look ahead at emerging technologies like augmented reality, QR codes, augmented reality and interactive story telling (ARIS). And contrary to popular belief this may not be a huge cost to create.
12. Dont try to boil the ocean: Judy also says that we shouldnt bite off more than we can chew. We need to start with doable projects. I would add that we need to start small, think big, release quickly and iterate!
    

• Security
• IT partnership
• Policies
• Ownership
• Assessment
• Union and time issues
• Connectivity
• Bandwidth costs
• Industry changes
• User expectations

• mLearncon - coming up in June this year
• http://adlmobile.wikispaces.com
• http://mlearnopedia.com
• http://cc.mlearnopedia.com
• http://www.ambientinsight.com/Reports/MobileLearning.aspx

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MobiKin For Android Review The Best Tool To Deal With Everything On Your Android Phone

MobiKin For Android Review: The Best Tool To Deal With Everything On Your Android Phone

Initially, MobiKin works as well as all Android and iOS users is dedicated to the daily life partner. The most innovative and easy-to-use software MobiKin sparing no effort, our knowledge and expertise in software for portable devices to keep enriching. MobiKin finally launched a full line of iOS and Android devices in the mobile software. And the software quickly gained a warmly welcomed in the market for third-party app.   

So What This Mobikin Assistant for Android?

. 

PC and Mac based, MobiKin mobile app for Android and the Android team as assistant, recreational users to run Android applications and offers.

 

Windows and Mac: two versions of the program.

 

You can use your mobile phone in its full power and a wide range of data to store it if you are, you may have installed all the files and applications management issues. Android MobiKin assistant software solutions to help you resolve the problem, one without any hassle

 

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Whenever you are looking for your Android data management solution unregistered version is a straightforward, though many disorders that affect the user experience of all, Android MobiKin assistant, which can come in handy.

 

Now, your Android OS application, Android OS dropped data with the help of luck to accomplish. On the computer help, it is possible to burn almost all data in the system, a straightforward simply click.

1. Photos, media files like music, videos and your local disk via the program loaded on your device. 
2. You will still be able to free up more space for new files, computer, mobile phones and tablets Android contacts, text messages, applications, photos, music, etc., movies, books, cannot be shipped.
3. Install or remove Apps on your phone with a simple click on the desktop computer.
4. Computer backup applications for Android phones and tablets to choose from, or a block.
5.  Your key contacts stored in CSV format and computer text into dialog and click Export

 
 

Requirements:

 
Above 800MHz Intel or AMD CPU, or; 512MB RAM or more
 

What Makes Mobikin Assistant Different From Others??

Many Android users on the Android device while using some unfamiliar functions, they always complain that accidentally delete something important. So if you are tired of losing items from randomly if your phone?
 
Currently, through this android application android help finish this destiny of the dropped data. It is a uncomplicated click on, you possibly can support each of the data through the device in your computer

Features: 

  

1:Android Backup

 
 

Android phones & tablets from the computer, etc. text messages, contacts, photos, music, apps, such asbacking up all your personal data can be a great way to avoid accidental data loss. And in some casesyou need to share files between the device and the desktop computer. That's why you want to find all thereferences to the center. 
 
Transfer SMS from Android to PC
 
In some cases, a specific time in your life books about the need to be treated as a precious memories.That's why the backup system to copy text from your mobile phone.

 

  
Transfer Contacts from Android to PC

Contacts mobile phone is one of the most important data. In this article, we show you detailed instructionsfor converting clicks to your personalcomputer to the Androidcontacts. 
 

2:Android Recovery

 
 

No matter how careful you are, lost data, daily life and work is still going on here and there. So in addition to your Android device regularly data backup, data recovery, you must have some knowledge. 
So, for the first time, you can find your lost deleted or formatted data back. In this center, we collected andpicked up tips for your reference most useful Android data recovery. If you have this problem, go to a pageto find your own answers. 

Recover Deleted Contacts from Android

Now you can be a devastating loss of important contacts information. Read this article and you are easilyremoved from any kind of Android phones is the easiest way to get back in the contacts list. 
 
Removed Text Messages coming from Samsung Galaxy

 
Many people hold the idea that it will never come back deleted SMS. So in response to the loss ofimportant messages, they usually do not have anything to do. But in fact, you are still in your device to loadnew data is that a chance to recover deleted messages on the Samsung Galaxy.
 
 

Final Words

 
I cannot say the same for the back end, the best way to attract the person that goes out of his way towards the sun "Mobikin the attention of the competition is to help people " And a similar platform provides all the features needed for efficient marketing and you want to achieve in the field where the key is to help the Android Mobikin Android Therefore, it is undoubtedly worth the effort Mobikin assistant safest mode of your data, or if you plan to get started

Download

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mexican fiesta salad with cilantro lime vinaigrette

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Modelling repeating structures with Geb page objects

Geb is the hot new thing in Grails functional testing. One of its most powerful features is the concise DSL for defining page objects. The reasons for using page objects are well enumerated elsewhere but the basic point is to allow your tests to interact with pages in a manner agnostic of the detail of their structure. This is both practical (you can change markup structure without having to fix numerous tests that only fail because they were tightly coupled to that structure) and aesthetic (your tests read more like a user’s interaction with the page - the what rather than the how).

I want to put together a few short blog posts dealing with patterns that I find useful for defining page objects and modules in Geb. As I go I’ll keep adding to a very simple Grails project showing working examples which is available on GitHub.

In this post I want to talk about repeating data structures such as lists and tables and how to model them effectively.

A content property in a Geb Page or Module can be any type; whatever is returned from the defining closure. This will frequently be a Geb Navigator instance or a String but can be whatever is useful for the tests you’re writing. A good rule of thumb is that the test should be dealing with as simplified a view of the data as possible. All the complexity of traversing HTML elements and manipulating them into a useful form should be hidden away in the page objects and modules. When handling repeating data structures such as ol or table elements you probably want to be able to treat the content as a List so that tests can use Groovy features such as iterator methods, indexing and slicing to make very expressive assertions.

Simple repeating structures

For example, imagine we want to verify an ol element like this:

<ol id="recent-books">
 <li>Zero History</li>
 <li>Surface Detail</li>
 <li>The Machine of Death</li>
</ol>

The most useful type would probably be a List<String> which we can get easily enough by defining our content like this:

static content = {
 recentBooks { $("ol#recent-books li")*.text() }
}

This is then very easy to use in a test:

expect:
recentBooks == ["Zero History", "Surface Detail", "The Machine of Death"]

Complex repeating structures using Modules

A more complex example of a repeating structure is a table, where each row contains several fields. Here we can use a Geb Module to represent each row, with content properties to get data from each cell. Let’s say we want to verify the contents of the following table of search results:

<table id="book-results">
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th>Title</th>
 <th>Author</th>
 <th>Format</th>
 <th>Price</th>
 <th>Release Date</th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Zero History</td>
 <td>William Gibson</td>
 <td>Hardback</td>
 <td>£12.29</td>
 <td>2 Sep 2010</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Zero History</td>
 <td>William Gibson</td>
 <td>Kindle</td>
 <td>£11.99</td>
 <td>2 Sep 2010</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Spook Country</td>
 <td>William Gibson</td>
 <td>Paperback</td>
 <td>£5.00</td>
 <td>31 Jul 2008</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Pattern Recognition</td>
 <td>William Gibson</td>
 <td>Paperback</td>
 <td>£4.99</td>
 <td>24 Jun 2004</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

We can define our module like this:

static content = {
 bookResults { i -> module BookRow, $("table#book-results tbody tr", i) }
}

class BookRow extends Module {
 static content = {
 cell { i -> $("td", i) }
 title { cell(0).text() }
 author { cell(1).text() }
 format { cell(2).text() }
 price { cell(3).text()[1..-1].toDouble() }
 releaseDate { cell(4).text() }
 }
}

The bookResults content closure takes a row number parameter and uses it to select the corresponding tr from the body of the table and use that to construct a module. The module itself defines content properties with meaningful names that map to the text in each cell.

This isn’t bad as far as it goes. We can use the module pretty effectively in tests like this:

expect:
bookResults(0).title == "Zero History"
bookResults(3).price == 4.99

However, bookResults isn’t a List. We can’t easily get all the book titles at once or make an assertion that all the authors are the same or find the lowest price. Even querying how many rows there are would require an additional content property or method to retrieve $("tbody tr").size(). The table is a repeating data structure and it would be nice to treat it as one!

This ought to be possible bearing in mind 3 things:

1. The type of a content property is simply whatever you return from the defining closure, there’s no reason we can’t return a List<BookRow>.
2. There’s nothing special about the expression that constructs the module itself: module BookRow, $("tbody tr", i) is just a call to a method called module passing a Class<? extends Module> which is the module type we want and a Navigator pointing to the module’s root element.
3. The Geb Navigator class returned by the $ expression implements Iterable<Navigator> and can be treated like a List of all the selected HTML elements.

In fact we can get a List<BookRow> easily enough if we redefine the bookResults property like this:

static content = {
 bookResults {
 $("tbody tr").collect {
 module BookRow, it
 }
 }
}

The key here is that we iterate over the tr elements inside the content definition collecting a new BookRow instance for each one. Now the page object doesn’t require the test to pass in the index of the row it’s interested in. This enables our test to do some much more powerful and interesting things:

expect:
bookResults.size() == 4
bookResults[0].title == "Zero History"
bookResults.title.unique() == ["Zero History", "Spook Country", "Pattern Recognition"]
bookResults.every { it.author == "William Gibson" }
bookResults[2..3].every { it.format == "Paperback" }
bookResults.price.sum() == 34.27

I’ve tried to show a couple of reasonably simple examples here. Others are easy to imagine; a Map representing the dt and dd elements inside an HTML definition list, a list of modules representing a group of labelled radio buttons or news items with images and links, a tree-like multi-level navigation structure, etc.

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Messing around with bikes

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Mock Testing with Groovy

def mock = new MockFor(ICarDao.class) {
 getCar: {return new Car(color: "blue")}
}

public class CarManager {
 private ICarDao dao;

 public void startCar() {
 Car car = dao.getCar();
 .......
 }

 public CarManager setCarDao(ICarDao dao) {
 this.dao = dao;
 return this;
 }
}

class CarManagerTest extends GroovyTestCase {
 def void test_start_car() {
 ICarDao mock = [
 getCar: {return new Car(color: "blue")}
 ] as ICarDao;

 def cut = new CarManager().setCarDao(mock);
 }
}

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Medication with Atomoxetine for ADHD and Tourettes

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Mini Caramel Apple Cheesecakes with Streusel Topping

I cant believe its December already! I probably say this every year but where has the year gone? This year seems to have flown by in a flash. Im sure theres a lot of festive cooking and baking going on worldwide but Im still in autumn mode with apples. I saw this on pinterest and thought what a great idea. Ive been waiting for the perfect opportunity to bake these and made them to take to a dinner party. We were really full from all the food but still managed to enjoy one or two of these. Its a good idea baking them in muffin cases as its a nice individual portion, looks cute and is easy to transport. I also took some to work as did J and both our work colleagues enjoyed them. Its a baked cheesecake filled with fresh apples, streusel topping and a generous drizzle of salted caramel sauce. These are great for the upcoming festive season as you can bake them in advance and they are sure to be a hit at any party. 

Im sending this to Simply Eggcellent hosted by Dom from Belleau Kitchen as the theme this month is anything goes. This recipe contains 3 large free range eggs. 

Its also going to Recipe of the Week hosted by Emily from A Mummy Too.

 streusel topping 

 digestive biscuit base

 add cheesecake mixture 

 then chopped apples

 top with streusel topping 

 generous drizzle of caramel sauce before serving

  

Recipe adapted slightly from cookingclassy.com

Makes 18 mini cheesecakes

For the base
16 digestive biscuits
2.5 tablespoon caster sugar
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
85g butter,melted

For the filling 
340g cream cheese
225g caster sugar
3 large free range eggs
3/4 cup creme fraiche
3 or 4 Granny Smith apples, peeled, cored and chopped into tiny pieces (if the chunks are too big, the apples wont cook fully)
3 tablespoons lemon juice

For the streusel topping
80g plain flour
40g oats
75g brown sugar
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon ground nutmeg
57g butter

• First prepare the streusel topping by mixing all the ingredients together in a large bowl using your hands until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. 
• Cover and chill in the fridge. 
• Preheat the oven to 165C. 
• Prepare the crust by blitzing the digestive biscuits in a food processor or bashing them with a rolling pin in a ziplock bag. 
• Add the melted butter, sugar and cinnamon and stir until mixed. 
• Line 2 muffin tins with 18 cupcake/muffin liners. 
• Divide the mixture evenly between 18 cases and press down gently.
• Bake in the pre heated oven for approximately 5 minutes then remove from the oven and allow to cool.
• Make the filling by beating the cream cheese with the sugar until smooth. 
• Add the eggs one at a time followed by the creme fraiche and mix well.
• Pour the filling (use a measuring jug with a pouring spout) on top of the baked cheesecake crust until about 2/3 full.
• Peel, core and finely chop the apples then toss in fresh lemon juice.
• Place a generous spoonful of apples on top of each cheesecake. 
• Top with the streusel topping. 
• Bake in the pre heated oven for approximately 30-35 minutes or until golden brown. 
• Allow to cool completely then chill in the fridge for a few hours or overnight. 
• Just before serving, pour a generous amount of caramel sauce on top of the cheesecake. I used ready made caramel sauce but you can also make your own. 

Available link for download